<div dir="ltr"><div><div>Hi Olivier, (resending, as the last message was too big)<br><br></div><span class="gmail-im"> I am not an expert on this, but
from my understanding, if the fiber optic cable has a very wide
multimode core, then the propagation might be considered to be by
internal reflection. However, with the single mode fiber, it it going to
be far more like a waveguide, and the light will be largely constrained
to travel in a straight line. So the dominating factor on speed will be
the refractive index of the cable. I am not too familiar with the air
core fiber, but the claim from the link I sent you was that the speed
was very close to the vacuum speed, so I presume they managed to get the
air core fiber to act as a waveguide so that the speed depends mostly
on the refractive index of air. The core looks from the image like it is
about 20um across, which is wider than the normal IR single mode core,
but then again, the wavelength on the light in air is going to be
longer, so maybe that has something to do with it. <br></span></div><span class="gmail-im"> To
answer your other question about the speed of light in the fiber optic
cable, for air core I only know the example like I sent you. However,
for the glass single mode fiber (like smf-28) I can actually give you a
real answer to that question. See below, I threw together a quick setup
as shown in the picture below:<img src="cid:ii_15860e702d1abe13" alt="Inline image 2" width="512" height="260"><br></span><br><span class="gmail-im"><span class="gmail-im">I did a simple test, I set up a fiber optic laser, which split a
beam in two at a coupler, and one beam went 1 meter to a detector (PD1),
the other went 1001 meters to PD2. So the path difference is 1000m. I
then measured the propagation delay using triggered capture on an
oscilloscope, and after turning the laser ON, measured the difference in
the arrival time of the pulses. The "turn on" had a lot of spikes in
laser intensity, which were useful in making the comparison. As shown in
the inset of the oscilloscope trace, the average difference in the
rise/fall of the laser signal between the two photodiodes was ~ 5uS. So
doing a simple calculation, this would be 1000/5E-6 = 2E8 m/s, or
approximately C/1.5 (the refractive index is actually 1.4676 from the
spec sheet). <br>So there is your very approximate answer - about 2E8 m/s in single mode SMF-28 fiber.<br><br></span>Doug<br></span><div><div class="gmail-m_-5192070693453321903gmail-yj6qo gmail-m_-5192070693453321903gmail-ajU"><div id="gmail-m_-5192070693453321903gmail-:15m" class="gmail-m_-5192070693453321903gmail-ajR"><img class="gmail-m_-5192070693453321903gmail-ajT gmail-CToWUd" src="https://ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/images/cleardot.gif"></div></div><div class="gmail-yj6qo gmail-ajU"><div id="gmail-:1dj" class="gmail-ajR" tabindex="0"><img class="gmail-ajT" src="https://ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/images/cleardot.gif"></div></div></div><span class="gmail-im"><br></span></div>