<div dir="auto">Just realized that in Maxwell E is defined as the gradient of the scalar potential Phi.<div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><div dir="auto">According to vector identities, the curl of the gradient of any twice-differentiable scalar field Φ is always the zero vector, ∇×(∇Φ)=0.<br></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">And therefore curl E = 0 by definition!</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">QED.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><br></div></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr">On Thu, May 7, 2020, 11:49 AM Arend Lammertink <<a href="mailto:lamare@gmail.com">lamare@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">On Wed, May 6, 2020 at 8:18 AM Ilja Schmelzer <<a href="mailto:ilja.schmelzer@gmail.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">ilja.schmelzer@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br>
><br>
> 2020-05-06 4:35 GMT+06:30, Arend Lammertink <<a href="mailto:lamare@gmail.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">lamare@gmail.com</a>>:<br>
> > On Tue, May 5, 2020 at 12:23 AM Ilja Schmelzer <<a href="mailto:ilja.schmelzer@gmail.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">ilja.schmelzer@gmail.com</a>><br>
> >> No, the mainstream hopes a lot to unify them, but has failed up to now.<br>
> ><br>
> > The alternative view is that there is only one fundamental interaction<br>
> > of Nature, namely the electromagnetic domain. From that perspective,<br>
> > it is hopeless to try and fix things before fixing the electromagnetic<br>
> > domain model aka Maxwell's equations.<br>
><br>
> Given the SM, it seems quite strange to think that the EM field is<br>
> somehow fundamental.<br>
<br>
Given the original idea that the aether behaves like a fluid, it seems<br>
quite strange it has not been described as such.<br>
<br>
When one starts out by taking that idea as fundamental and one<br>
considers that therefore the fundamental model should be a fluid<br>
dynamics model describing the dynamics of the aether, one is able to<br>
scrutinize Maxwell's equations and it becomes visible that the major<br>
obstacle between a fluid-dynamics based aether model and Maxwell's is<br>
the inclusion of Faraday's law within Maxwell's model. From that<br>
perspective, it seems logical that this discrepancy can be resolved<br>
and thus that we can come to a single model which completely describes<br>
the dynamics of the aether, wherein only the four fields as defined by<br>
LaPlace / Helmholtz (E,B,A and Phi) are fundamental. While these would<br>
not be 100% equal to the EM fields as defined by Maxwell, they must by<br>
necessity match for the full 100% with observations as predicted by<br>
Maxwell, except there where there are anomalies, most notably the ones<br>
whereby faster than light signals have been observed. So, if it can be<br>
accomplished to re-arrange the equations that describe the EM fields<br>
such that the current predictions are retained, we would come to a<br>
field model that would be fundamental and would cover the whole<br>
electromagnetic domain which would therefore be considered as<br>
fundamental.<br>
<br>
><br>
> >> I think this is hopeless.<br>
> ><br>
> > From my perspective, it is inevitable.<br>
> ><br>
> > Once one realizes how close Maxwell's equations actually are to a<br>
> > fluid dynamics model describing motion in a fluid-like medium called<br>
> > aether and one compares Maxwell's model to LaPlace / Helmholtz math,<br>
> > it is obvious that the term dB/dt is where Maxwell's equations<br>
> > differentiate with the fundamental theorem of vector calculus.<br>
> ><br>
> > I don't think there can be any disagreement about this fact.<br>
><br>
> There obviously is. As explained, you cannot get rid of the dB/dt<br>
> term without destroying the whole theory, and it follows simply that<br>
> there is no closeness.<br>
<br>
That wasn't the point. The point was that it's a fact one model<br>
contains the dB/dt term and the other does not.<br>
<br>
But you have a point, one can indeed disagree about the closeness of<br>
the two models, and it is rather interesting to note that different<br>
perspectives lead to different conclusions:<br>
<br>
1) From the perspective that the aether fundamentally behaves like a<br>
fluid and should be described as such, one comes to the conlusion that<br>
Maxwell was pretty close, but deviated from this fundamental idea and<br>
therefore this disrepancy should be fixed.<br>
<br>
2) From the perspective that the predictions from Maxwell's equations<br>
match extremely well with observations, obviously the aether does not<br>
really behave like a fluid. All one needs to do is consider Faraday's<br>
law to see that in the case where the fields are changing, there is a<br>
relationship that must hold, otherwise you destroy Maxwell's model and<br>
therefore you would fail to reproduce it's predictions.<br>
<br>
Obviously, only one of these two lines of thought can be objectively<br>
true. Either the aether really behaves like a fluid, or it doesn't and<br>
eventually the score must be settled by experiment.<br>
<br>
I think that the amount of available data around the detection of<br>
anomalous faster than light signals clearly favors my perspective, but<br>
conclusive evidence must still be obtained in order to settle the<br>
score once and for all.<br>
<br>
><br>
> > And I also don't think there can be any disagreement about what it is<br>
> > that is being described by the equation curl E = -dB/dt: Faraday's<br>
> > law.<br>
> ><br>
> > So, the disagreement comes down to the following questions:<br>
> ><br>
> > Is Faraday's law a relation that holds on a fundamental level?<br>
><br>
> No, this is not the question. The first question is if curl E = 0 is<br>
> viable at all given Faraday's experiment.<br>
<br>
Ok, let's put the question the other way around:<br>
<br>
Is it absolutely necessary to have curl E = -dB/dt in order to be able<br>
to explain Faraday's experiment?<br>
<br>
If not, is Faradays law a law that should be included at the<br>
fundamental level in the model?<br>
<br>
And that is indeed the question if curl E = 0 is viable at all.<br>
<br>
I think it is viable, because when we fundamentally describe the<br>
dynamics of the aether with fluid dynamics vector theory, we by<br>
definition include all phenomena that can be described within the FD<br>
domain within our model. Only the scale factor and speeds are<br>
different, but theoritcal considerations, such as about vortex<br>
behavior, can all be applied.<br>
<br>
And because we can explain Faradays experiment with vortex physics, it<br>
seems clear that curl E = 0 is viable indeed.<br>
<br>
It seems you have trouble accepting the idea that the magnetic field<br>
really is a vortex. So, let's consider another experiment. Place a<br>
magnet under water with some baking soda and use it as an electrode<br>
for electrolysis and see what happens:<br>
<br>
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SXifaqdbLhs" rel="noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SXifaqdbLhs</a><br>
<br>
Again, don't mind the narrator, perhaps best to turn of the sound and<br>
just watch what happens.<br>
<br>
Can one analyse this with Maxwell? Sure.<br>
Does it come up with the right predictions? Sure, no doubt about that, either.<br>
<br>
Again, on the scale of such an experiment, there is absolutely no way<br>
to detect any trace of wave effects, so the current theory works out<br>
perfectly.<br>
<br>
End of discussion, you probably say.<br>
<br>
But the fact of the matter is, the idea that magnetic field really<br>
describes rotatinal motions of the aether sticks it's head out of the<br>
mud everywhere. The curl operator is all over the place in the theory<br>
descibing the magnetic field.<br>
<br>
So, is it really that far fetched to suggest magnetism is all about<br>
fluid dynamics vortex physics when we start out at the radical idea<br>
that the aether behaves like a fluid and should therefore be described<br>
as such?<br>
<br>
To me, that conclusion is inevitable, given the fundamental idea we<br>
started out with.<br>
<br>
> In my ether theory, it is not a law on the fundamental level (where we<br>
> have a discrete version of all the equations). Before caring about the<br>
> fundamental level, one has to accept that there should be some limit<br>
> where Faraday's law holds. This rules out curl E = 0.<br>
<br>
Faraday's law holds because (~irrotational) vortices imply a pressure<br>
gradient in practice (aka E field) because an incompressible medium<br>
does not exist in practice. So, Faraday's law is the result of fluid<br>
dynamics vortex physics and does NOT describe something that belongs<br>
in a model describing the dynamics of the medium itself.<br>
<br>
So, it is fluid dynamics that on the one hand rules out curl E =/= 0<br>
and on the other hand is perfectly capable of explaining the<br>
experiment.<br>
<br>
So, stick to the radical idea that the aether behaves like a fluid and<br>
should therefore be described as such, and vortex physics are not only<br>
inevitable, they are needed in order to come to a deeper understanding<br>
whereby cause and effect are actually understood, rather than just<br>
phenomenologically described.<br>
<br>
Again, there is no argument that Faraday's law doesn't hold within the<br>
scale limit of a typical low frequency experiment nor within the<br>
two-wire distributed parallel LC network paradigm our electronics and<br>
radio equipment is based on.<br>
<br>
The only area I see where one could find experimental evidence it does<br>
not hold at the fundamental level but is the result of vortex physics<br>
is when you experiment with longitudinal waves within Tesla's single<br>
wire distributed series LC network paradigm. And because the scale<br>
factor kicks in when working with waves, this area is actually rather<br>
limited.<br>
<br>
> > Is it absolutely correct that in the case of varying fields (waves)<br>
> > these two fields *must* always be perpendicular to one another, no<br>
> > matter what?<br>
><br>
> They must not.<br>
<br>
So, why would it be warranted to theoretically force them to be<br>
perpendicular in the dynamic case by writing:<br>
<br>
curl E = -dB/dt ??<br>
<br>
This is what forces the theoretical model to only predict "transverse"<br>
waves and rules out Tesla's longitudinal wave, which he has observed<br>
in practice when experimenting with his magnifying transmitter. Sure,<br>
there's a lot of mysticism around that out there as well, but the fact<br>
of the matter is that he measured a propagation speed of 471240 km/s:<br>
<br>
<a href="https://teslauniverse.com/nikola-tesla/patents/us-patent-787412-art-transmitting-electrical-energy-through-natural-mediums" rel="noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank">https://teslauniverse.com/nikola-tesla/patents/us-patent-787412-art-transmitting-electrical-energy-through-natural-mediums</a><br>
<br>
This is within .1% of the theoretical propagation speed of (pi/2) times c:<br>
<br>
>>> print 100*(471240/((pi/2)*299792.458))<br>
100.069462565<br>
<br>
Remember Wheastone's 463491 km/s, who came within 2%?<br>
<br>
>>> print 100*(463491/((pi/2)*299792.458))<br>
98.4239353061<br>
<br>
So, why this factor (pi/2)?<br>
<br>
Well, if one considers the magnetic field to describe rotations and<br>
considers the longitudinal wave to be a wave without magnetic<br>
component and therefore inporporating translational movements of the<br>
aether rather than rotational movements, the following comes to mind:<br>
<br>
For an EM magnetic wave, the medium moves in circles and therefore has<br>
to cover a distance of pi*r, while for a longitudinal wave the medium<br>
only has to cover a distance of 2*r. Divide the two and one obtains a<br>
theoretical speed factor of pi/2.<br>
<br>
<br>
So, here you have two data points that prove that Faraday's law does<br>
not always hold and therefore it has to be described somewhere else in<br>
the model. So, the dB/dt term *has* to be moved from the fundamental<br>
medium model to where it belongs: the two wave equations that are<br>
needed in order to describe the "near" and "far" fields, one<br>
non-radiating surface wave equation and one equation describing a wave<br>
that is capable of propagating trough a fluid-like medium that has a<br>
magnetic component and therefore must incorporate vortices in one way<br>
or the other.<br>
<br>
<br>
> > The experimental verification of the existence of a FTL wave within<br>
> > the electromagnetic domain would prove that Faraday's law is not a law<br>
> > that applies at the fundamental level. It would prove that equating<br>
> > curl E to -dB/dt at a fundamental level in the model is incorrect. It<br>
> > would prove that the elemental math as defined by LaPlace / Helmholtz<br>
> > also applies within the electromagnetic domain.<br>
><br>
> First, math always applies everywhere. Then, what you apply here is<br>
> not math, but a particular idea about an ether theory which is not<br>
> viable because curl E = 0 is not viable.<br>
<br>
It is viable, because Faraday's law is the result of vortex physics<br>
and does not belong in the model at a place that should only describe<br>
the dynamics of the medium itself.<br>
<br>
><br>
> > Is it really far fetched to suggest that the way Maxwell deviated from<br>
> > fundamental, elemental math was, in actual fact, a gigantic blunder?<br>
><br>
> Yes. To suggest that the Maxwell equation deviated from math is simply<br>
> complete nonsense, I have tried to show you a variant which makes at<br>
> least sense, namely that the Maxwell equations are in conflict with<br>
> your extremely simple ether model.<br>
><br>
<br>
The point is that the predictions of such a simple aether model are<br>
not in conflict with the predictions of Maxwell's equations, because<br>
Faraday's law follows naturally from the simple model by considering<br>
vortex physics.<br>
<br>
<br>
> >> I have survived nicely without own data. I had, with some luck, a<br>
> >> guiding idea which put me on the way to develop an ether theory. It<br>
> >> had already from the start the necessary equations<br>
> ><br>
> > What I'm offering is exactly such a guiding idea, namely that this<br>
> > equation actually means something:<br>
> ><br>
> > ∇²𝐅= ∇(∇·𝐅) - ∇×(∇×𝐅) = 0<br>
><br>
> Feel free to speculate about the meaning of this. I think the very<br>
> idea is nonsensical.<br>
><br>
<br>
It follows from the radical idea that the aether behaves like a fluid<br>
and should therefore be described as such.<br>
<br>
What this equation means is that when you use it to describe the<br>
dynamics of a fluid-like medium and derive potential fields by writing<br>
out the terms and labeling them, it's 100% guaranteed to be correct<br>
and there is no room for error, whatsoever.<br>
<br>
And the data from Wheatstone and Tesla prove there is definately room<br>
for error in Maxwell's equations, so these need to be revised such<br>
that they are 100% guaranteed to be correct, which means the term<br>
dB/dt *has* to go.<br>
<br>
> > Bear in mind that the development of the SM was guided by the idea<br>
> > that there was "gauge freedom" in Maxwell's equations.<br>
><br>
> This was not an idea, this was and is a simple mathematical fact about<br>
> these equations.<br>
><br>
<br>
The problem is that when one fundamentally considers the aether to<br>
behave like a fluid, that "gauge freedom" no longer exists.<br>
<br>
So, what it comes down to is that the development of the SM was guided<br>
by a mathematical artifact that would not have existed if Maxwell<br>
would not have made the mistake of including Faraday's law at the<br>
wrong place in the model.<br>
<br>
> > What if Maxwell indeed made a blunder and this whole "gauge freedom"<br>
> > idea was in fact just an illusion?<br>
><br>
> The Maxwell equations, as equations for E and B, predict a lot of<br>
> things about observables, and these predictions have been tested a lot<br>
> of times. This agreement between the theory and observation is<br>
> certainly not just an illusion, it is a very strong hard fact.<br>
<br>
Yep.<br>
<br>
><br>
> This fact is so hard that you are essentially forced, if you modify<br>
> the Maxwell equations, to show that in the region where it has been<br>
> well-tested they hold approximately.<br>
<br>
Yep. They hold in all situations whereby the two-wire distributed<br>
parallel LC transmission line principle applies, which is the case in<br>
virtually everything we do that involves electronics and the EM waves<br>
we are familiar with.<br>
<br>
The region that has been virtually un-tested, except by Tesla and a<br>
hand full of dissidents, is where the single-wire distributed series<br>
LC transmission line principle applies, which would be associated with<br>
longitudinal FTL waves.<br>
<br>
This separation into two regions also matches with the two halves of<br>
Helmholtz decomposition. It is the introduction of Faradays law at the<br>
wrong place in the model which theoretically forced the model into<br>
"transverse" mode, thereby defining the possibility of a<br>
"longitudinal" mode away.<br>
<br>
<br>
> >> No. There can be many many failures. And looking at how some guy<br>
> >> performes some experiment would not be the appropriate way of error<br>
> >> search.<br>
> ><br>
> > That is true, but the whole idea behind physics is that mother Nature<br>
> > does not fail to react in exactly the same way<br>
> > when one performs exactly the same experiment.<br>
> ><br>
> > In that sense, Wheatsone's experiment is once again very interesting.<br>
><br>
> Feel free to be interested and to repeat it. That's not my problem,<br>
> and I cannot support you here. But what I can see is that your curl E<br>
> = 0 idea is completely off because it destroys the Maxwell equations<br>
> completely, with no chance to recover it in any limit.<br>
><br>
<br>
When you realize that the equation curl E = -dB/dt is the result of<br>
vortex physics and you look at "water" waves, "transverse" surface<br>
waves:<br>
<br>
<a href="https://www.acs.psu.edu/drussell/Demos/waves/wavemotion.html" rel="noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.acs.psu.edu/drussell/Demos/waves/wavemotion.html</a><br>
<br>
you see that those "water" waves in fact also involve vortex physics<br>
along with longitudinal waves.<br>
<br>
So, I believe that when we take the equations describing such "water"<br>
waves, we have a very good chance to recover the predictions of<br>
Maxwell's equations over the full limit of their applicability, namely<br>
the "transverse" half of the Helmholtz decomposition.<br>
<br>
<br>
> >> Who knows? But I doubt that such a classical mechanism can be of any<br>
> >> use, given that QT predicts all these things nicely.<br>
> ><br>
> > Doubt is good. It means one can't rule it out, either, and therefore<br>
> > the mind is still open for the possibility.<br>
><br>
> That's a triviality, one can never rule out that some other theory is<br>
> right and the own theory fails. Such is life. This does not mean that<br>
> there is much of an open mind - one will not spend much own time in<br>
> hopeless things.<br>
<br>
Things become a lot less hopeless when one realizes we have the full<br>
arsenal of fluid dynamics theory at our disposal, including vortex<br>
physics, "water" waves as well as longitudinal "sound" waves, as long<br>
as we stick to the radical idea that the aether behaves like a fluid<br>
and should therefore be described as such.<br>
<br>
><br>
> >> You have not yet a theory (with evolution equations and so on) which<br>
> >> gives these waves.<br>
> ><br>
> > I agree I don't have a quantifyable theory, but I do have the<br>
> > fundamental idea that essentially defines the fundamental foundation<br>
> > for a quantifyable theory in one equation:<br>
> ><br>
> > ∇²𝐅= ∇(∇·𝐅) - ∇×(∇×𝐅) = 0<br>
><br>
> This is simply nothing.<br>
><br>
<br>
It defines a complete mathematically consistent potential theory<br>
without gauge freedom in one equation. Just write out the terms and<br>
label them and there it is.<br>
<br>
><br>
> > Just fill in the right<br>
> > parameters like density and elasticity and there you have your aether<br>
> > model. That's it, nothing more to it than that.<br>
><br>
> Except that you have to make the right guesses, else the theory simply<br>
> fails, and that's it. Moreover, the idea that the ether is fluid may<br>
> be completely wrong, it may be a solid or a plasma or whatever else.<br>
> In my theory, it is quite solid.<br>
<br>
We have Maxwell's equations that already describe half of the<br>
Helmholtz decomposition correctly. Define what charge is and move<br>
Faraday's law somewhere else in the model and you are already damn<br>
close to integrate fluid dynamics with the electromagnetic domain in a<br>
way that makes sense.<br>
<br>
><br>
> > So, what I'm actually saying is that you have all of the phenomena<br>
> > known in fluid dynamics, including waves, when you describe the aether<br>
> > as an ideal, Newtonian fluid. So, without working things out, one can<br>
> > come to conclusions like that a longitudinal wave will propagate a lot<br>
> > faster than a "transverse" wave.<br>
><br>
> If you have a liquid, you simply have no transverse waves.<br>
<br>
But you do have "water" waves, non radiating "transverse" *surface*<br>
waves, which occur at the boundary between two media with a different<br>
density, such as the surface of an antenna. This is why I say the<br>
"near" field is a "real" transverse water wave.<br>
<br>
And because the "far" field cannot be a real "transverse" wave,<br>
because you can't have transverse waves in a fluid, there is no other<br>
option but to conclude that the far field must consist of vortices in<br>
one way or the other.<br>
<br>
This animation of the radiation of a dipole antenna suggests a "wave"<br>
consisting of successive counter-rotating expanding vortex rings would<br>
match perfectly with observations / computations:<br>
<br>
<a href="https://www.didaktik.physik.uni-muenchen.de/multimedia/programme_applets/e_lehre/dipolstrahlung/bilder_dipol/web_bilder_orig/dip_1s_o.gif" rel="noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.didaktik.physik.uni-muenchen.de/multimedia/programme_applets/e_lehre/dipolstrahlung/bilder_dipol/web_bilder_orig/dip_1s_o.gif</a><br>
<br>
And there you have the most basic shape of "the quanta".<br>
<br>
><br>
> > So, I'm not saying "just remove the dB/dt term and that's it", I'm<br>
> > saying: return to a FD model wherein you describe the aether as an<br>
> > ideal, Newtonian fluid and that the term dB/dt is the main obstacle in<br>
> > our way.<br>
><br>
> So your curl E = 0 ether theory is dead? Fine. But, it seems, it is<br>
> yet alive in your mind:<br>
<br>
Yep, I rely on elemental math to be correct.<br>
<br>
<br>
><br>
> > In other words: all that stands in between a fluid-dynamic model for<br>
> > the aether and classic electrodynamics is the way Maxwell described<br>
> > Faraday's law by the introduction of the dB/dt term at a place where<br>
> > it does not belong.<br>
><br>
> But it is at a place where you can explicitly make predictions about<br>
> observables, and then measure these observables, as Faraday has done.<br>
<br>
Yep, so it has to remain intact within a certain limit, but one is<br>
allowed to move it somewhere else in the model, such as by considering<br>
it to be a result of vortex physics rather than a fundamental property<br>
of the fields describing the dynamics of the medium itself.<br>
<br>
><br>
> >> > I think he would also like Occam's razor.<br>
> >><br>
> >> Of course. But that does not mean that he would reject established<br>
> >> equations which make a lot of well-tested predictions.<br>
> ><br>
> > Certainly. But I doubt he would object to re-arranging such well<br>
> > established equations such that they fit with a model derived from a<br>
> > single fundamental hypothesis:<br>
> ><br>
> > The aether behaves like a fluid and should therefore be described as such.<br>
><br>
> Yes, that would be fine. But you have to rearrange them in such a way<br>
> that the original testable predictions remain unchanged.<br>
<br>
Yep, totally agree.<br>
<br>
<br>
> >> First of all, you must recognize that the remaining theory is false<br>
> >> and can easily be falsified.<br>
> ><br>
> > Would be interested in such a falsification, I don't see it.<br>
><br>
> The electric field predicted for Faraday's experiment would be<br>
> curl-free, and, therefore, would be unable to create a current in a<br>
> closed loop.<br>
><br>
<br>
Were it not that the very definition of current according to Ampere's<br>
original law does not involve the electric field at all:<br>
<br>
J = curl B.<br>
<br>
So, this is the fundamental relation between the magnetic field and "current".<br>
<br>
The observed electric field is the result of the fact that in practice<br>
one cannot have an incompressible medium and the centripedal force has<br>
to be balanced by a pressure gradient aka the electric field.<br>
<br>
<br>
> >> The default answer is "look at wikipedia". For the information how to<br>
> >> measure it this should be sufficient. The result will be quite<br>
> >> obvious. Namely \nabla \times \mathbf {E} = 0 is dead.<br>
> ><br>
> > The correct answer is: virtually noboby has a freakin' idea!<br>
><br>
> So what? It does not matter, given that we have devices which measure E and B.<br>
<br>
It matters from a theoretical point of view. As long as we don't have<br>
a definition for what it actually is, we are forced to resort to<br>
phenomenological descriptions incorporating abstract fields, which<br>
severely limits our ability to gain a deeper understanding of the<br>
mechanisms that cause the fields to behave as is being observed.<br>
<br>
><br>
> > Remember what you wrote earlier?<br>
> ><br>
> > "People have started with abstract fields in thermodynamics,<br>
> > and then, based on the atomic theory, have learned how these<br>
> > observable phenomenological fields depend on the properties of the<br>
> > atomic models. This research program was successful in thermodynamics<br>
> > as well as in condensed matter theory."<br>
> ><br>
> > Maxwell started the same way, by introducing an abstract quantity<br>
> > called "electric charge".<br>
> ><br>
> > Only, in this case it has never been satisfactory explained what that<br>
> > actually is,<br>
><br>
> But this is not necessary to test particular equations. For testing<br>
> how the temperature changes we need a thermometer, not a theory about<br>
> the fundamental nature of temperature.<br>
><br>
<br>
Yep, so we must keep the predictions of these equations intact, but we<br>
are free to add a theory about the fundamental nature of charge, which<br>
is proposed to involve the mass/charge ratio of a given "charged"<br>
particle that results in a frequency:<br>
<br>
f = q/m<br>
<br>
We can then take this frequency and assume a charged particle emits a<br>
longitudinal wave at that frequency and see where it takes us from<br>
there.<br>
<br>
<br>
> > In a nutshell: EITHER the particles cause the fields OR the fields<br>
> > cause the particles, but NOT both at the same time!<br>
><br>
> In a nutshell a phenomenological theory will not tell you what is<br>
> cause and what is effect.<br>
<br>
Exactly!<br>
<br>
> It describes the fields we can measure, and<br>
> is based on the definition how they can be measured (with certain<br>
> measurement devices). A theory which introduces some causal<br>
> explanation would have to care about such things, but the Maxwell<br>
> equations, as equations for E and B, are a phenomenological theory<br>
> about those two fields E and B which can be easily measured, and does<br>
> not contain speculations about causal relations.<br>
<br>
Yep, so if we want to make a step forward, we are free to introduce<br>
causal relations such that they fit with the established<br>
phenomenological theory within certain limits. We just have to make<br>
sure the relations we introduce are correct and lead to a better<br>
description and deeper understanding of physical reality.<br>
<br>
><br>
> That popular explanations on wiki level contain causal ways to<br>
> describe some aspects of these equations is quite irrelevant.<br>
><br>
> > It is interesting and necessary in order to put the \nabla \times<br>
> > \mathbf {E} = 0 if dB/dt is nonzero into proper perspective.<br>
> > ...<br>
> > So, it is very important to take this point home: For an ideal coil,<br>
> > having zero resistance and zero parasitic capacitance, there is zero<br>
> > voltage and a zero electric field!<br>
><br>
> But zero resistance is a quite uninteresting limiting case. And we<br>
> don't have to care about this strange limiting case with no electric<br>
> field, given that we would like to measure the electric field. One<br>
> way to measure an electric field is, clearly, to use a wire with some<br>
> resistance and measure the resulting current. Your ideal wire simply<br>
> distorts the E field, so it is inappropriate for measuring it.<br>
<br>
Again, the fundamental separation between the fields as established<br>
mathematically by LaPlace / Helmholtz correspond to two idealized<br>
components that match with this fundamental separation:<br>
<br>
1) The incompressible, "transverse" part around the magnetic field<br>
[B]. This is represented by the ideal coil. An ideal coil stores and<br>
extracts energy from the magnetic field [B] in the space around the<br>
conductor. Translated to the FD domain, this represents the<br>
simplification of considering the medium to be incompressible and<br>
rotational.<br>
<br>
2) The compressible, "longitudinal" part around the electric field<br>
[E]. This is represented by the ideal capacitor. An ideal capacitors<br>
stores and extract energy from the electric field [E] in the space<br>
between two conductors. Translated to the FD domain, this represents<br>
the simplification of considering the medium to be compressible and<br>
irrotational.<br>
<br>
So, when you go to transmission line models, in essence you are using<br>
superposition of the two fields in a particular way by describing it<br>
using distributed LC networks. The two-wire version thereof is well<br>
known and has been applied all over the place for decades, while the<br>
single wire version thereof is virtually unknonwn and incompatible<br>
with Maxwell's equations, because of the introduction of Faraday's law<br>
into the model, which essentially restricts the solutions of Maxwell's<br>
equations to what matches with the two-wire transmission line, but<br>
maks the model incompatible with Tesla's single-wire transmission line<br>
principle.<br>
<br>
So, when you go and make a lumped circuit equivalent model of a given<br>
experiment, one has three elemental circuit components:<br>
<br>
1) the capacitor (C);<br>
2) the inductor (L);<br>
3) the resistor (R).<br>
<br>
And when one does this, one can obtain an accurate model of a given<br>
system or experiment, especially when one uses distributed LCR<br>
networks to model wave propagation. Even the mechanical domain can be<br>
modelled this way and transducers can be introduced to interface<br>
between domains, which can be mathematically represented by<br>
transformers in the shape of matrices.<br>
<br>
Even Maxwell's equations in vector notation could be built up as a 3D<br>
distributed LCR network. The L represenst rotation, the C<br>
compressibility and the R resistance or losses, the exact same aspects<br>
as mathematically described by LaPlace / Helmholtz.<br>
<br>
And at the end of the day, your L's and C's are either in series or in parallel.<br>
<br>
And again, because of the introduction of Faraday's law at the wrong<br>
place in the model, Maxwell essentially only allows the L and C to be<br>
in a parallel configuration but not in a series configuration.<br>
<br>
><br>
> >> No. You already have a problem, namely an experiment where dB/dt is<br>
> >> nonzero and, as a consequence of the Maxwell equations, \nabla \times<br>
> >> \mathbf {E} =/= 0. And where all you have to do is to measure the<br>
> >> electric field in this situation to see that really \nabla \times<br>
> >> \mathbf {E} =/= 0. This is the decisive experiment between Maxwell's<br>
> >> theory and your "theory".<br>
> ><br>
> > What is decisive is the consideration of what it is that causes curl E<br>
> > =/= 0 in a practical experiment.<br>
> ...<br>
> > So, let's once again draw in the analogy of what we're actually<br>
> > looking at with Faraday's experiment: a magnetic vortex, which is<br>
> > rather interesting, since there's a very interesting detail around the<br>
> > theoretical irrotational vortex I hadn't noticed before:<br>
><br>
> No, I couldn't care less about your vortexes, whatever they are. I<br>
> care about the electric field. Once an ideal coil simply distorts the<br>
> E field too much, I would suggest not to introduce them.<br>
<br>
You are missing the point that the ideal L and the C are just another<br>
way of expressing the fundamental decomposition of a given 3D vector<br>
field into an irrotational, compressible half represented by [E] and a<br>
rotational, incompressible half represented by [B].<br>
<br>
The L and the C are in essence 1D representations of quite complex<br>
phenomena that take place in 3D. They represent 1D projections of the<br>
two halves of the Helmholtz decomposition and are very useful in<br>
practice.<br>
<br>
So, how do you model a real coil?<br>
<br>
Well, you make an LRC network to represent "parasitic" capacitance and<br>
resistance. And then your E-field is represented by the capacitor and<br>
not the inductor.<br>
<br>
><br>
> > So, yes, for this particular experiment that relationship is: curl E =<br>
> > -dB/dt and it holds up to rather high frequencies for practical coils,<br>
> > BUT that in no way implies that this is a fundamental relationship<br>
> > that ALWAYS holds and THAT's the whole point!<br>
><br>
> No, that's not the point. It is quite sufficient to have a _single_<br>
> experiment where curl E = -dB/dt =/= 0 to show that the theory that<br>
> curl E = 0 is dead. And this is the point I care about here and now.<br>
<br>
Curl E = 0 is required, because otherwise you ruin the fundamental<br>
decomposition into the two fields for which superposition holds.<br>
<br>
An experiment wherein curl E = -dB/dt happens to hold does not explain<br>
the causality of why that is and therefore no experiment can reveal<br>
that causal relation for the simple reason we cannot perform<br>
experiments with ideal components.<br>
<br>
><br>
> > This once again begs the question: what IS charge?<br>
> ><br>
> > Why is it on the one hand a property of certain "charged" particles<br>
> > yet at the same time a fundamental quantity that causes the fields,<br>
> > which makes that it becomes impossible to consider the possibility<br>
> > that "particles" are actually caused by the fields as well?<br>
><br>
> Before caring about such speculative questions, one has to get the<br>
> equations straight. And to reject nonsense like curl E = 0 as a<br>
> general equation once we have found situations where curl E = -dB/dt<br>
> =/= 0.<br>
><br>
<br>
The two go hand in hand. Without an answer to the question of what<br>
charge is, we can't establish causal relationships and thus we cannot<br>
get the equations straight in such a way that we don't break anything.<br>
<br>
<br>
> >> Ok, but if there is a theory consistent (for those low frequencies)<br>
> >> with the experiments, and you don't question the experiments, you have<br>
> >> to be able to recover, in your modified theory, the successful<br>
> >> predictions of the old theory you have questioned.<br>
> >><br>
> >> But you fail. For Faraday's experiment, your \nabla \times \mathbf {E}<br>
> >> = 0 equation predicts no current, but Faraday has observe one.<br>
> ><br>
> > It's actually the other way around: the relationship describing how an<br>
> > ideal coil interacts with a magnetic flux is what predicts a current,<br>
> > but no voltage and no electric field.<br>
><br>
> We don't care about ideal coils, we care about Faraday's experiment.<br>
><br>
<br>
We care about establishing equations in such a way that the correct<br>
causal relationships are established AND existing experiments are<br>
predicted correctly as well.<br>
<br>
In this case, the fundamental causal relationship between the magnetic<br>
field and a current is given by Ampere's original law:<br>
<br>
J = curl B.<br>
<br>
So, it is clear that a relationship with the electric field is either<br>
caused by parasitic capacitance and/or resistance of the coil or by<br>
the physics of the (~irrotational) vortex that is described by the<br>
magnetic field [B] under the assumption that the medium is<br>
incompressible.<br>
<br>
So, one could say the electric field is "parasitic" in the<br>
consideration of the interaction between a magnetic field and a wire<br>
loop or coil and we cannot ignore that in practice, it's definitely<br>
there, but we have to maintain the fundamental separation of the<br>
Helmholtz decomposition that is reflected in the idealized capacitor<br>
and coil. Otherwise, we create more problems than we solve.<br>
<br>
<br>
> > The electric field is being observed, yes, but that's because in<br>
> > practice one cannot have an ideal coil and neither can one have an<br>
> > incompressible medium and therefore a pressure gradient will be<br>
> > observed in practice, which is what we call the electric field.<br>
><br>
> Whatever, once we have found situations where curl E = -dB/dt =/= 0<br>
> the theory curl E = 0 is dead.<br>
><br>
> What's the problem with acknowledging this?<br>
><br>
<br>
The theory where curl E = 0 is required at that place within the model<br>
in order to maintain the fundamental decomposition given by Helmholtz<br>
/ LaPlace. Experimental data wherein curl E = -dB/dt follows from the<br>
symmetry between the fields as defined by the LaPlace operator in<br>
combination with an analysis of the physics involved, which implies<br>
vortex physics whenever one deals with magnetic fields.<br>
<br>
In the ideal case, under the assumption of incompressibility, there is<br>
no electric field. In the practical case, there is, because balance<br>
between the fields must be maintained in practice. Depending on the<br>
application, one can ignore the electric field, but in other cases one<br>
has to account for it by considering the physics involved in more<br>
detail.<br>
<br>
<br>
> >> Don't distract. If it fails to recover the result for the Faraday<br>
> >> experiment, it is dead, and nobody cares about what it thinks about<br>
> >> those hypothetical anomalies.<br>
> ><br>
> > The result for Faraday's experiment can be easily explained by<br>
> > starting out at the equation for an ideal coil and considering why<br>
> > this in practice leads to the presence of an electric field as well.<br>
><br>
> But I'm not interested in a theory about what happens inside ideal<br>
> coils, that's the theory of superconductivity, but in a theory about<br>
> the EM field. The E field is simply trivial inside, the magnetic field<br>
> will be expelled by the Meissner effect,<br>
> <a href="http://www.supraconductivite.fr/en/index.php?p=supra-levitation-meissner" rel="noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.supraconductivite.fr/en/index.php?p=supra-levitation-meissner</a><br>
> so that the result is a trivial theory inside, and this thing cannot<br>
> test dB/dt =/= 0.<br>
><br>
> But, ok, no problem, I admit that your theory curl E = 0 is viable<br>
> inside a superconductor where we have E = B = 0, and, therefore, also<br>
> dB/dt = 0 so that the Maxwell equations hold too.<br>
><br>
> Let's now stop to consider superconductivity and handle a usual<br>
> vacuum, using the forces acting on charged kork balls to measure E and<br>
> using wires only to create a variable B. Or with wires which have a<br>
> resistance so that the resulting currect can be used to measure the E<br>
> field.<br>
<br>
Because superposition holds, one can always describe any given<br>
experiment arbitrary accurate by composing a model out of elemental<br>
ideal components L,C, and R in a (distributed) network, either in 1,<br>
2, or 3 dimensions. The more accuracy you want, the more of theze<br>
ideal components you need, even an infinite number in the case of the<br>
distributed transmission line analysis, but the principle holds.<br>
<br>
<br>
><br>
> > What's problematic is enforcing this result at the fundamental level<br>
> > in your model such that it HAS to apply exactly like this for all<br>
> > possible experiments which involve either a changing electric or a<br>
> > changing magnetic field.<br>
><br>
> Yes. The starting point would be to accept the Maxwell equations as<br>
> they are, as phenomenological equations for E and B.<br>
<br>
Yep, within their limit of applicability: the "transverse" half of the<br>
Helmholtz decomposition.<br>
<br>
> Which, if<br>
> modified, have to be modified in such a weak way that they can be<br>
> easily recovered in some limit. And, as a consequence, to throw away<br>
> ideas about ether theories which are unable to reach this, because the<br>
> E field would have to follow the equation curl E = 0.<br>
<br>
Well, at the fundamental "idealized" level curl E = 0 must be applied,<br>
but that in no way rules out the possibility of reaching curl E =<br>
-dB/dt in particular situations involving an idealized magnetic field<br>
that has to remain balanced in practice by a "parasitic" electric<br>
field.<br>
<br>
<br>
><br>
> >> Up to now, you have not found a viable way to rearrange something.<br>
> >> \nabla \times \mathbf {E} = 0 is in conflict with Faraday's<br>
> >> experiment.<br>
> ><br>
> > Faraday's experiment can be fully explained using physics based on the<br>
> > assumption of the existence of a fluid-like aether and therefore there<br>
> > is no actual conflict.<br>
><br>
> No. You have not given such a full explanation.<br>
><br>
<br>
Well, I explained the principles involved.<br>
<br>
> > In actual fact, it is the introduction of the term dB/dt into a<br>
> > fluid-dynamic model that is conflicting with the elemental math as<br>
> > defined by LaPlace / Helmholtz. It is really a bad idea to write<br>
> > equations that are in conflict with a fundamental mathematical<br>
> > theorem.<br>
><br>
> Again you fall back into complete nonsense. Nobody introduces<br>
> something into your fluid-dynamic model, it simply fails, because in<br>
> reality we have Faraday's experiment where dB/dt =/= 0. If your<br>
> fluid-dynamic model does not survive the introduction of the term<br>
> dB/dt, that fluid-dynamic model is simply dead. Big deal. Learn to<br>
> live with this, I have tried hundreds of ideas and had to throw them<br>
> away because they did not work.<br>
><br>
<br>
As always, the devil is in the details. The experiment is a practical<br>
application whereby a specific combination of the idealized fields is<br>
required in order to come to a full analysis of what is going on.<br>
<br>
> >> Whatever, we have a force acting on small charged kork balls, not?<br>
> >> And we can measure this force, by putting such kork balls at some<br>
> >> interesting places, not? This force field is known as E, and it is<br>
> >> not a good idea to redefine it.<br>
> ><br>
> > Actually, the units of measurement within the electromagnetic domain<br>
> > are undefined, except in relation to one another.<br>
> ><br>
> > The SI unit for electric field strength is volt per meter [V/m]<br>
> > The Volt is defined as [J/C] or [kg m^2 / A s^3], so the unit of<br>
> > measurement for E equals [kg m / A s^3].<br>
> ><br>
> > The Coulomb is defined as [A s], while the Ampere is defined as [C/s],<br>
> > so actually these units of measurement are only defined in relation to<br>
> > one another phenomenologically and therefore it might be an excellent<br>
> > idea to actually define what charge is and what current is and I think<br>
> > I finally figured out the correct way to do it.<br>
><br>
> It does not matter at all to write down the units. What the SI defines<br>
> is how these things are measured. So learn how the SI works, what it<br>
> defines and how, namely be defining particular measurement procedures<br>
> for each unit.<br>
<br>
What matters is that these units are only defined in relation to one<br>
another and therefore we are free to introduce a deeper causal<br>
relationship and see where that brings us.<br>
<br>
><br>
> The SI definitions make a lot of sense, because they are based on the<br>
> most accurate measurement procedures for each unit. Once experimental<br>
> science makes an advance, creating a device which measures some unit<br>
> more accurate then the old standard, they change the definition and<br>
> base the new definition on the new device. For this purpose, they<br>
> measure the old standard of what is 1 unit many times with the new<br>
> device, and use the result to define the same 1 unit now with the new<br>
> measurement device. For the usual applications nothing changes,<br>
> because the extreme accuracy is not necessary for them anyway, and<br>
> they don't have to bother. 1 A remains 1 A, the old Amperemeter works<br>
> as before.<br>
><br>
> Your proposal seems unaware of those basic ideas of the SI system, so<br>
> I will simply ignore it.<br>
<br>
Don't you see that the proposal to define charge along the proposal<br>
<br>
f = q/m<br>
<br>
and the proposal to define current in [Hz] doesn't change anything to<br>
the SI units, other than resulting in a *single* constant that maps<br>
the old Ampere unit to a frequency unit resulting in units of<br>
measurement that are 100% the same as in fluid dynamics for both the<br>
[E] and [B] fields?<br>
<br>
After all, the value for elemental charge remains the same and the<br>
frequency resulting from the proposed definition is not used anywhere,<br>
so the only question is the value of the single constant that remains.<br>
My first guess would be to take elemental charge, since real current<br>
is carried by electrons, but the point is: all I've really done is<br>
show that with the definition of a *single* constant, the current SI<br>
units can be mapped to the units used with fluid dynamics without<br>
changing anything in the equations themselves.<br>
<br>
><br>
> >> > Bottomline is: when you revise Maxwell's equations, everything changes<br>
> >> > within theoretical physics.<br>
><br>
> >> No. All the experiments remain the same, with the same results. You<br>
> >> may somehow reinterpret something, but not that much. Revising the<br>
> >> Maxwell equations is certainly not a good idea, they can be easily<br>
> >> tested in many details.<br>
><br>
> > I did say *theoretical* physics. In the end, everything is based on<br>
> > Maxwell, one way or the other. So, if you change that, a lot of people<br>
> > are going to have a lot of work.<br>
><br>
> Theoretical physics has to care about predicting experimental results,<br>
> and interpreting experimental results too.<br>
><br>
> And as long as you care about things which can be directly measured,<br>
> like E and B, to change the equations is possible only if you recover<br>
> the well-established well-tested equations in a limit. In this case,<br>
> not that much changes: Whenever that limit is sufficient, given the<br>
> accuracy requirements, you can use the old equations.<br>
<br>
Actually, we have only two changes:<br>
<br>
1) the introduction of a single constant to map the SI units to the<br>
units applied in the FD domain;<br>
<br>
2) moving Faraday's law to where it belongs: the two wave equations<br>
needed to properly describe a non-radiating "near" field and a<br>
radiating "far" field that is found to be quantized.<br>
<br>
<br>
> >> Sorry, no. Don't look back to Wheatstone, look first back to Faraday.<br>
> >> Once you don't like it with measuring the current, ok, do it with kork<br>
> >> balls. This measures E more directly, by measuring the force acting on<br>
> >> those kork balls.<br>
> ><br>
> > No need, it can be easily explained with the physics of the vortex in<br>
> > combination with Ampere's original circuit law:<br>
> ><br>
> > J = curl B.<br>
><br>
> No. We have no circuit here, we have charged kork balls and an<br>
> electric force acting on them.<br>
><br>
<br>
An electric force that is the result of vortex physics, because in<br>
practice balance must be maintained within a rotating magnetic vortex<br>
and therefore an electric field is there.<br>
<br>
> About mathematical theorems you have to care if you invent an ether<br>
> theory. If they tell you that in your ether theory you cannot obtain<br>
> the Maxwell equations, that's bad luck for your ether theory. Not for<br>
> the Maxwell equations.<br>
><br>
<br>
Well, a single constant, probably with a value equal to elemental<br>
charge e, is all that separates a FD aether theory from Maxwell.<br>
<br>
And then suddenly mathematical theorems do matter.<br>
<br>
<br>
> >> No, they are far from arbitrary, they have well-defined measurement<br>
> >> procedures as the definition. This definition is usually based on the<br>
> >> actually most accurate way to measure the given thing. (That's why<br>
> >> these definition are sometimes changed, once a more accurate<br>
> >> measurement device is established.)<br>
> >><br>
> >> Once you don't have a new measurement device for whatever which is<br>
> >> more accurate than all known such devices, you have no base for<br>
> >> proposing a change of any of the definitions of those units.<br>
> ><br>
> > The point is: one can define the concept of charge in a way that<br>
> > explains what it actually is without changing the results of the<br>
> > measurements that have been performed to establish it's value.<br>
><br>
> Such a "concept of a charge" may be part of your ether theory. No<br>
> problem. But if it appears that this concept of a charge is in<br>
> conflict with the Maxwell equations, that's bad luck for this concept,<br>
> and it has to be thrown away together with the corresponding ether<br>
> theory. And you have to try something else.<br>
<br>
Yep, but in this case it results in a single constant that bridges the<br>
two theories, so I'm not yet ready to throw it away.<br>
<br>
><br>
> You are NOT free to change equations for well-defined observables like<br>
> E and B which have been well-tested. EXCEPT if you are able to show<br>
> that in some limit these equations will be recovered.<br>
><br>
<br>
So far, we haven't changed any equation. The exercise with the<br>
definition of charge resulted in a mapping of EM SI units to the units<br>
within the FD domain by a single constant connecting the Ampere to a<br>
frequency in [Hz]. This single constant defines all associated units<br>
of measurement, since hooked into the system via a single equation:<br>
<br>
J = curl B.<br>
<br>
This way, it becomes more and more obvious the curl E = -dB/dt is<br>
problematic and has to go, along with equating curl B to 1/c^2 dE/dt<br>
rather than 0.<br>
<br>
I think we have a good chance to recover the wave equation resulting<br>
from these mistakes by considering the analogy of the "transverse"<br>
"water" surface wave and working things out. Granted, this remains to<br>
be seen, but it surely would make sense.<br>
<br>
> >> No. The units of measurement for E and B must match the actual most<br>
> >> accurate measurement procedures for E and B, and nothing else. And I<br>
> >> would not recommend you to propose any changes.<br>
> >><br>
> >> If your ether theory contains some fields E', B' which you, for<br>
> >> whatever reasons, want to add, then you have to introduce constants E<br>
> >> = c_e E'. B = c_B B' with the appropriate units. These are your<br>
> >> ether-theoretical constructions. E and B remain what they are, and<br>
> >> the SI defitions of their units remain valid too. They make sense.<br>
> ><br>
> > I think I've made quite a step in that direction with the definitions<br>
> > proposed above.<br>
><br>
> I'm not sure. I have yet to wait for your acknowledging that curl E =<br>
> 0 is dead.<br>
<br>
I'm afraid you're not going to get that.<br>
<br>
<br>
> > Ok, that was a bit vague. He reported his E-field has a longitudinal<br>
> > component, while his B field is transverse. I included the relevant<br>
> > quote in an earlier mail. But I think my conclusion was a bit too<br>
> > fast, would have to check better before I can make this claim. It is<br>
> > clear though that Maxwell's equations break down in the analysis of<br>
> > his wave and workarounds are needed.<br>
><br>
> I doubt. Don't forget that I have questioned your idea that E and B<br>
> fields have to be orthogonal. That's for waves, not for static fields<br>
> where E and B don't influence each other.<br>
<br>
I've questioned the idea that they have to be orthogonal, too.<br>
<br>
In fact, I say they don't have to be and that would be just one reason<br>
for removing the term dB/dt.<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
> >> No. You can create, with static charges, quite arbitrary electric<br>
> >> forces (with the potential you like). Then you can put permanent<br>
> >> magnets into the situation. Also quite arbitrary. The result will be<br>
> >> static fields E and B, and they will not be perpendicular. They are<br>
> >> not connected at all as long as they don't change.<br>
> >><br>
> ><br>
> > Ok, now let's replace the permanent magnet with an electromagnet and<br>
> > we start with a DC current.<br>
> ><br>
> > Same situation.<br>
> ><br>
> > Now we start changing the current, but slowly, say 1 Hz, or 0.1 Hz, or 0.01<br>
> > Hz.<br>
> ><br>
> > Now the B field is changing. What happens to the E-field?<br>
> ><br>
> > All of a sudden perpendicular?<br>
><br>
> The original E-field defined by the localized charges does not go<br>
> away. The changing B field leads to some E field, which is orthogonal.<br>
> The resulting field is the sum of both. This will be hardly<br>
> orthogonal.<br>
><br>
> And, similar to curl E =/= 0, it is sufficient to have one situation<br>
> where they are not orthogonal to be sure that this is not a general<br>
> law.<br>
><br>
<br>
Exactly!<br>
<br>
And that is one of the reasons why the curl E = dB/dt has to go. In<br>
general, one cannot maintain that the fields are always perpendicular<br>
towards one another and therefore one cannot make that into a general<br>
law.<br>
</blockquote></div>