[Physics] Aether theory discussion

[carmam at tiscali.co.uk]

Ruud, From your latest post (that I have seen) :-"I read several opinions about the way Lorentz Transformation of mass-energy is useful or not. That’s why I put a question on Quora (and gave also an answer): Was Julian Schwinger wrong when he stated that increasing speed leads to increasing Mass in accordance with Lorentz transformation of mass-energy? "
Increased speed leads to an increase in mass as seen by the essential observer. That is a very important distinction, and one that is overlooked. It is assumed that the essential observer is at the starting point of the rocket (I am using a space rocket here, it could be a particle in a particle accelerator). In a particle accelerator, it is true that the increase in mass is relative to the particle accelerator and therefore the starting point of the particle. With a rocket, the increase in mass is relative to the exhaust, not to the starting point. For a full explanation please go to my web page at http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/carmam/Hollings.html#lorentz . There is an abreviated version here :-


Imagine now a space rocket, which is propelled by ejecting a small amount of matter (the rocket exhaust) at high speed from the rear, so imparting a thrust in the opposite direction. We will assume that the exhaust velocity is 3,000 m/s and the mass of the rocket is 30,000 Kg (very similar to NASA's Mercury-Redstone rockets). Now we can use the Lorentz transformation to find the new mass. The velocity between exhaust and rocket is 3000 m/s, so :-

m = m0 / sqrt( 1 - ( v / c )^2)
m = mass of rocket at velocity v as measured by the essential observer
(Remember that Einstein's observer, properly called the essential observer, is always at rest relative to the motive force. In this example therefore, the essential observer is in the same frame as the rocket exhaust).
m0 = 30,000 Kg (proper mass of rocket or rest mass when v = 0)
v = 3,000 m/s - rocket's velocity relative to the exhaust
c = 300,000,000 m/s
m = 30000 / sqrt( 1 - (3000 / 3e8)^2) = 30000.0000015000000001125 Kg

The mass increase is therefore 0.0000015 Kg or 0.0015 gram which is simply not measurable compared to 30,000 kilograms. For all intents and purposes the mass increase is zero. A further point to note here is that the mass increase is measured against the exhaust which is providing the motive force, and no matter what the velocity of the rocket when measured against its starting point (or anything else for that matter), the velocity between rocket and exhaust never changes, so the rocket mass is always 10,000.0000015 Kg (disregarding the loss of mass due to fuel used). In other words, the mass is fixed at 10,000.0000015 Kg for the values used above between rocket and exhaust, and the extra 0.0000015 Kg is an insignificant amount. As there is no significant mass increase with velocity, and certainly no accumulative mass increase, there is no theoretical upper limit to the velocity of the rocket.
It therefore follows that as the mass increase is zero, m aproximates very closely to m0. If the acceleration is regulated to 1g for the comfort of the crew, the space ship can reach an enormous velocity, and time on this space ship will pass at exactly the same rate as back at home on earth. "The effects of gravity are indistinguishable from the effects of acceleration" [AE] (with the qualification in section 5). 
Tom Hollings.
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